If you really need a limit, lets talk.


 

Review Ways thermodynamics is supposed to lose energy

A real limit Work Energy will be less than or equal to the available Heat Energy.
Total Energy is constant. Unconverted Heat = Original Heat - Work.

Naive recycling Naive models lead to false conclusions

Steam Recycling Simple steam recycling model demonstrates the 'Carnot Limit' fallacy.

Complete recycling Complete heat recycling yields a theoretical 100% conversion.

Old News Some guy named Thompson (Kelvin!) in 1848 showed how to go beyond any limit and convert all heat to work.

Carnot Limit Hey, my Physics Professor showed me a Proof of the Carnot Limit!

Carnot Limit 0%? An engine you can buy today with efficiency over 90%, and a Carnot Limit of 0%!