Necessary conditions for 100% efficient engine.

There are two conditions to engine design which affect its total fuel efficiency. By fuel efficiency, we refer to the ratio of energy consumption to machine work provided, in the steady state. These are how it processes its fuel heat, and how it exports its vapor work.

The first necessary condition, is that 100% of the Fuel Heat be converted to Vapor Work by, in the steady state. In other words, the Engine is Enclosable.

The second necessary condition, is that 100% of the Vapor Work done by the engine vapor, is converted to machine work. In short, the Vapor Work is Completely Exportable.

A 100% efficient design, would yield 100% conversion, if built with ideal materials, perfect insulators, perfect conductors, perfect construction.

A 100% efficient design, constructed with real materials, would easily reach similar efficiencies to Electric Motors (>90%), when technology is mature.

Other Properties, implied by Enclosable property

Heat Recycling

A consequence of Conversion Asymmetry, is that all Enclosable Engines must reuse the Asymmetric Heat Remainder. The only method currently known is via Heat Recycling engine.

Internal Friction is Ignorable

A consequence of Enclosable Engines, is that the heat generated by friction must also be reused. So it is not a necessary property for 100% conversion that the engine be frictionless, to achieve 100% conversion. Friction will reduce the maximum mechanical power an engine is capable of producing.

Power output

Available power will be determined by available energy and engines effective Work Ratio. Its effective Work Ratio will be slightly less than the Work Ratio of its Expansion Ratio, by a factor depending on its internal friction.